Jesus and Cicero Essay

Erring is one thing individuals feel that when individuals do kick the bucket, they ought to consequently go to the black market, or heck, because of their evil activities. In the Aeneid, book number six, Virgil portrays a spot where these individuals go when they die on earth. At the point when these individuals get to the black market, they are decided by their activities and rebuffed relying upon its seriousness. Virgil gives us that there is to be sure a the hereafter, much the same as Jesus did. However, when it came to miscreants, Jesus pardoned individuals who have trespassed in light of the fact that he needs individuals to get familiar with excusing. Additionally he needs individuals to realize that no one is great, and that with the end goal for God to pardon one’s sins, the person in question must excuse others. With regards to sin both Virgil and Jesus concur that there is a life following death; yet Virgil and Jesus’ thought of wrongdoing contrast with rega rds to disciplines and making a decision about individuals as people. Virgil shows his perusers that the black market is a position of discipline and pitilessness. At the point when delinquents kick the bucket, they are sent to the black market to concede their bad behaviors and face the ramifications for their activities. In the black market there is a man named Rhadamanthus who tunes in to the miscreants and sentences them to various punishments dependent on what they did. Once Rhadmanthus tunes in to the sinner’s story, he sentences them to various segments of the black market. The black market contains various segments that depend on levels of seriousness. The more prominent the transgression somebody submits, the more prominent the discipline that that individual will get. For instance, in the 6th book of the Aeneid, Virgil says that, â€Å"Here come the individuals who as long as life stayed held siblings derisive, beat their folks, deceived poor men reliant on them; additionally the individuals who embraced their newly discovered wealth to themselves and set nothing aside for family members An extraordinary group, this-then men e xecuted for infidelity, men who took arms in war against their right, not scrupling to sell out their lords† (181:813-820). In this statement, Virgil gives instances of people’s sins that have gone to the Underworld for it. In the Aeneid, Virgil gives perusers that individuals who sin will be rebuffed and sent to the black market regardless of what sin they submit. He likewise shows that there is a life following death, yet he doesn't talk about the possibility of paradise and that all spirits will go to the black market to confront the outcomes. Like Virgil, Jesus believes in existence in the wake of death, however he talks about the possibility of both paradise and damnation. He accepts that once incredible, spirits are lifted out of the human body and are either brought to paradise or damnation. Jesus instructed that individuals will be put into paradise or damnation dependent on their uprightness and following the lessons of God. Jesus additionally puts together it with respect to individuals who either open or close up their heart for other people. A case of the impression of the heart and sel f originates from the Gospel of Luke. In the gospel it says that there was a rich man who had a poor man, named Lazarus, living outside his entryway. The poor man would ask to eat the food that would tumble off the rich man’s table and he required help. When the two men passed on, poor people man was lifted by heavenly attendants to Abraham’s chest, while the rich man was covered in Hades being tormented. At the point when the rich man called to Abraham for help he stated, â€Å"Son recollect that you in the course of your life got your beneficial things, and Lazarus in like way abhorrent things; however now he is ameliorated here, and you are in anguish† (Luke 16:25-26). He is stating that individuals who are poor are needing help, yet there were individuals who were wealthier that didn’t open up their souls for other people. In this way, those individuals of riches would endure in the great beyond not at all like those were poor. The individuals who were poor would live a progressively agreeable route in life following death. Despite the fact that Virgil and Jesus put stock in the hereafter, they cont rasted when it went to the genuine thought of heathens. Virgil felt that all individuals would go to the black market and be decided by Rhadamanthus to see their destiny in existence in the wake of death. He never examined the possibility of paradise, and he would verify disciplines for various individuals. In contrast to Virgil, Jesus took a gander at delinquents in an alternate manner. Rather than rebuffing and rewarding miscreants in an unexpected way, Jesus would pardon the individuals who have trespassed. A case of Jesus pardoning a miscreant is in the Gospel of John. It discusses individuals assembling around the sanctuary with a lady who submitted infidelity. The copyists and Pharisees carried the lady to Jesus to test and see what he would do to her. The explanation the individuals needed to test Jesus on the grounds that in the Law of Moses, it expresses that the individual who submits infidelity will be stoned. The exceptional piece of the story is when Jesus says, â€Å"Let him who is without wrongdoing among you be the first to toss a stone at her† (John8:7). As he said this, everybody stepped back individually and Jesus was disregarded with the miscreant. When he was with her without anyone else he stated, â€Å"Woman, where right? Has nobody censured you?† She said,† No one Lord† And Jesus stated, â€Å"Neither do I denounce you; go, and don't sin again† (John8:10-11). Jesus is stating that individuals can't pass judgment or rebuff a heathen if individuals themselves have trespassed before previously. Additionally, Jesus instructs that wrongdoings will be excused by the Lord insofar as individuals gain from their errors and flaws. When contrasting Virgil and Jesus, the two of them have fairly, comparable considerations of having a the hereafter, yet they vary extraordinarily with people’s results. Virgil puts stock in specific sentences and censures. Jesus trusts in the possibility of leniency with delinquents as long as they get familiar with their exercise for what's to come. The two of them comprehend that erring is a terrible thing, yet how one arrangements with transgression is the genuine test. The genuine inquiry is,† If somebody submits sin against you, what will you do in response to it?†

Second Chance for Felons free essay sample

In this enlightening survey, I will talk about a portion of the social elements related with people that have been indicted for a wrongdoing and have a lawful offense record. I will likewise show proof that bolsters my examination and will be come full circle in real life. This is definitely not a lone a difficult that influences the person that holds a lawful offense record, it is a difficult that influences society in general (Pew, 2008). The Cost. a portion of these people are in jail for violations they didn't carry out and wrongdoings they committed (Greene Heilburn, 2011).Either way, when the greater part of these people come back to society they will have a lawful offense record that will tail them the remainder of their lives. These people were sent jail to serve their sentence for the wrongdoing or violations for which they have been indicted, yet will likewise get extra discipline farther than their sentences. This remembers their status forever, instruction openings, and occupations openings. We will compose a custom paper test on Additional opportunity for Felons or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Lion's share of these people are trashed as freak people in our general public in the U. S. (Anderson, 2010).Our society is molded to think, that all people with lawful offenses are extremely degenerate or terrible individuals that don’t can change to improve as an individual and that they could add to society in a constructive way (Greene Heilburn, 2011). These people committed an error and they need another opportunity to make due to become beneficial citizenry. A few people have confidence in the faith in a simply world, that beneficial things happens to great individuals and terrible things happen to awful people(Anderson, 2010), so they truly don’t care about individuals with a felonies.These people have been untouchable by society this incorporates men, ladies and even some adolescence’s. People that have a lawful offense or a criminal record are ineligible to work in specific occupations, may not be considered open government assistance advantages and open lodging, and excluded for some school educational cost advances. Prison’s were worked for recovery and discipline of a wrongdoing be that as it may, is by all accounts a lifelong incarceration much after the binds and bars are expelled. These people are not fit to absolutely live in a free society following jail (Greene Heilburn, 2011).Individuals do need to be liable for the damage they do to other people. However, when they have served their sentence by going to jail, they ought not be treated as pariah, when they return restored. The United States maxim â€Å"the place where there is the free† has the most elevated jail rate and the most detainment facilities on the planet. The jail framework is a foundation of social control. America and its lawmakers accentuates discipline, the extreme on wrongdoing strategy appears to just assistance the vocations of most legislators in the United States, yet at the same time has not made us more secure in the public eye (Huber Gordon, 2004) .A case of how the central government and a few states utilize the social control model is by changing and getting laws passed. One of the most thorough is the California’s three strikes law simply like baseball â€Å"strike out multiple times and you are out†! Regardless of what wrongdoing you submit, whether it is minor or not, the guilty party must be sentence to either 25 years to life in jail or triple the standard sentence (Greene Heilburn, 2011). This law would expand jail populace as well as would for the m ost part likely lead to people in jail for wrongdoings that would not fit the wrongdoing they are rebuffed for (Greene Heilburn, 2011).Majority of the guilty parties are in detainment facilities for peaceful violations. This has added to the expansion of people in penitentiaries. A few states in the U. S. the government has requested state penitentiaries to diminish their detainment facilities by 40,000 detainees (Pew, 2008). This makes me wiped out in within, on the grounds that it makes me wonder possibly these people didn’t should be in jail in any case, on the off chance that they are discharging such an enormous number of people. Penitentiaries were worked for discipline and restoration, yet in all actuality jails have not demonstrated to be successful on expanding the danger of people reoffending, making jail a revov.Actually, the exploration appears to associates that criminal conduct increment after jail (Pew, 2008). Broken schools, poor human services and youth improvement, and the vanishing of employments get ready numerous poor youngsters for little else than a support to-jail pipeline. Jail dividers don't make supporting situations, however increasingly capable crooks, who during their lives stroll through a rotating jail entryway. Many are detained for peaceful, sedate related offenses for more and longer timeframes. Three-strike laws and other draconian condemning plans are way messed up with regards to the violations committed.The outcomes of over-discipline are seen the nation over, as states needing money can't bear the cost of their swelling jail spending plans. In California, a government court has requested the state to lessen its packed jail populace by 40,000 prisoners. In the event that such a large number of prisoners are to be discharged, it causes you to understand that a considerable lot of them presumably shouldn’t have been in there in any case. America’s dependence on discipline just serves to separate families and networks, once in a while assisting with remaking them or the individuals who have served their time.Many would be astounded to realize that the option to cast a ballot, a valued right of citizenship, is denied to 5. 3 million Americans with crime feelings. These crime disappointment laws are a remnant from the Jim Crow period, a period loaded up with a wide range of awful aims. This franticness must stop, and Senator Russell Feingold (D-WI) and Representative John Conyers (D-MI) have acquainted enactment with reestablish casting a ballot rights in government decisions to a large number of disappointed people.How do you expect ex-criminals to become beneficial residents when they can’t get a new line of work, can’t bear to better themselves through instruction, and can’t even vote? Some are in a correctional facility for the wrongdoings they have submitted. Others are there for wrongdo ings they didn't submit. In any case, when they come back to the road, the discipline proceeds. Discipline on discipline doesn't work, and we need to develop the in the past detained so they don't tumble down once more. We need to guarantee that they have the chance to contribute as undeniable citizenry.

Reasons to Ditch Your Homework

Reasons to Ditch Your Homework Reasons to Ditch Your Homework Reasons to Ditch Your Homework Homework is a conflated idea that has little to do with overall success later in life, new research shows. According to renowned educational expert Alfie Kohn, the majority of studies show no positive correlation between giving elementary school students homework and becoming better students. Reason 1: The Educational Merit of Homework Isn’t Backed by Research You read right: researchers have examined the merits of homework and found that it is often repetitive and designed to make students conform to authority, rather than learn anything meaningful. Researchers are in agreement that exploring the world, rather than sitting down and doing long worksheets, reports, or other standardized forms of testing, is actually how students learn best. Reason 2: Homework is Harmful to Student’s Overall Well-Being and Health As we have blogged about before, researchers at the Stanford University were able to link the amount of homework a student has to poor physical and mental health. The hindrance of homework can lead to a number of physical and mental ailments including depression and alcoholism, anxiety, ulcers, and migraine headaches. Reason 3: The Home Part of Homework is Variable One study set out to find whether homework even had an impact on a student’s grade in a given course. Surprisingly, the data showed no connection between how much time students spent on completing homework and their grades in the class, as well as “no substantive difference in grades between students who complete homework and those who do not.” Moreover, students with stable home environments and with parents able to oversee completion of homework, often do significantly better, giving them an advantage over students without this support network. Due to this, students from backgrounds where English may not be a first language, or with parents who are not available/qualified to help, largely do less well because they lack the advantages given to students that have strong domestic help structures in the home. Reason 4: Homework And Grades Do Not Actually Correspond One of the big misnomers we tell to students is that homework completion and grades do not correspond. Surprisingly, new data has shown that there is no connection between how much time students spent on completing homework and their grades in the class, as well as “no substantive differences in grades between students who complete homework and those who do not.” Reason 5: Leave It to the Experts at Homework Help Homework Help Canada is a professional essay writing service with obligation to students who know that their grades are valuable, but also that the completion of mundane and tedious assignments should be left to the experts. When completing your homework, look to the experts at Homework Help Canada for your entire professional essay writing and editing needs. For more information or to view our testimonials click here. Reference: Mathews, K. (2014, October 5). 4 Reasons to Ditch Homework. Retrieved January 2, 2015, from #ixzz3Fxc2CV5U Reasons to Ditch Your Homework Reasons to Ditch Your Homework Reasons to Ditch Your Homework Homework is a conflated idea that has little to do with overall success later in life, new research shows. According to renowned educational expert Alfie Kohn, the majority of studies show no positive correlation between giving elementary school students homework and becoming better students. Reason 1: The Educational Merit of Homework Isn’t Backed by Research You read right: researchers have examined the merits of homework and found that it is often repetitive and designed to make students conform to authority, rather than learn anything meaningful. Researchers are in agreement that exploring the world, rather than sitting down and doing long worksheets, reports, or other standardized forms of testing, is actually how students learn best. Reason 2: Homework is Harmful to Student’s Overall Well-Being and Health As we have blogged about before, researchers at the Stanford University were able to link the amount of homework a student has to poor physical and mental health. The hindrance of homework can lead to a number of physical and mental ailments including depression and alcoholism, anxiety, ulcers, and migraine headaches. Reason 3: The Home Part of Homework is Variable One study set out to find whether homework even had an impact on a student’s grade in a given course. Surprisingly, the data showed no connection between how much time students spent on completing homework and their grades in the class, as well as “no substantive difference in grades between students who complete homework and those who do not.” Moreover, students with stable home environments and with parents able to oversee completion of homework, often do significantly better, giving them an advantage over students without this support network. Due to this, students from backgrounds where English may not be a first language, or with parents who are not available/qualified to help, largely do less well because they lack the advantages given to students that have strong domestic help structures in the home. Reason 4: Homework And Grades Do Not Actually Correspond One of the big misnomers we tell to students is that homework completion and grades do not correspond. Surprisingly, new data has shown that there is no connection between how much time students spent on completing homework and their grades in the class, as well as “no substantive differences in grades between students who complete homework and those who do not.” Reason 5: Leave It to the Experts at Homework Help Homework Help USA is a professional essay writing service with obligation to students who know that their grades are valuable, but also that the completion of mundane and tedious assignments should be left to the experts. When completing your homework, look to the experts at Homework Help USA for your entire professional essay writing and editing needs. For more information or to view our testimonials click here. Reference: Mathews, K. (2014, October 5). 4 Reasons to Ditch Homework. Retrieved January 2, 2015, from #ixzz3Fxc2CV5U

Which Online Translator Is Best

In 2001 when I first tested online translators it was clear that even the best available werent very good, making serious errors in vocabulary and grammar, many of them that wouldnt be made by a first-year Spanish student. Have online translation services gotten any better? In a word, yes. The free translators seem to do a better job of handling simple sentences, and some of them appear to be making a serious effort to deal with idioms and context rather than translating a word at a time. But they still fall far short of being reliable and should never be counted on when you must correctly understand more than the gist of what is being said in a foreign language. Which of the major online translation services is best? See the results of the experiment that follow to find out. Put to the test: To compare the translation services, I used sample sentences from three lessons in the Real Spanish Grammar series, mostly because I had already analyzed the sentences for Spanish students. I used the results of five major translation services: Google Translate, presumably the most-used such service; Bing Translator, which is run by Microsoft and is also the successor to the AltaVista translation service dating back to the late 1990s; Babylon, an online version of the popular translation software; PROMT, also an online version of PC software; and FreeTranslation.com, a service of the globalization company SDL. The first sentence I tested was also the most straightforward and came from a lesson on the use of de que. It yielded quite good results: Original Spanish: No cabe duda de que en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os, el destino de Amà ©rica Latina ha sido influenciado fuertemente por tres de sus mà ¡s visionarios y decididos là ­deres: Hugo Chà ¡vez, Rafael Correa y Evo Morales.My translation: There is no room for doubt that in the last five years, the destiny of Latin America has been strongly influenced by three of its most visionary and audacious leaders: Hugo Chavez, Rafael Correa and Evo Morales.Best online translation (Bing, tied for first): There is no doubt that in the past five years, the fate of Latin America has been strongly influenced by three of its most visionary and determined leaders: Hugo Chà ¡vez, Rafael Correa and Evo Morales.Best online translation (Babylon, tied for first): There is no doubt that in the past five years, the fate of Latin America has been heavily influenced by three of its most visionary and determined leaders: Hugo Chà ¡vez, Rafael Correa and Evo Morales.Worst online translation (PR OMT): There is not doubt that in the last five years, the destination of Latin America has been influenced hard by three of its most visionary and determined leaders: Moral Hugo Chà ¡vez, Rafael Correa y Evo.Ranking (best to worst): Bing, Babylon, Google, FreeTranslation, PROMT. All five online translations used fate to translate destino, and thats better than the destiny I used. Google erred only in failing to create a complete sentence, starting out with no doubt instead of there is no doubt or the equivalent. The final two translators encountered a common problem that computer software is more prone to than humans: They couldnt distinguish names from words that needed to be translated. As shown above, PROMT thought Morales was a plural adjective; FreeTranslation changed Rafael Correas name to Rafael Strap. The second test sentence came from a lesson on hacer that I chose partly to see if the character of Santa Claus would still be recognizable from the translations. Original Spanish: El traje rojo, la barba blanca, la barriga protuberante y la bolsa repleta de regalos hicieron que, por arte de magia, los ojos de los pacientes de pediatrà ­a del Hospital Santa Clara volvieran a brillar.My translation: The red suit, the white beard, the protruding belly and the bag full of gifts made the eyes of the pediatric patients at Santa Clara Hospital magically light up again.Best online translation (Google): The red suit, white beard, protruding belly and bag full of gifts made, by magic, the eyes of pediatric patients at Hospital Santa Clara back to shine.Worst online translation (Babylon): The red suit, beard, white belly protruding and the bag full of gifts made, by magic, the eyes of the pediatric patients of the Hospital Santa Clara back to shine.Ranking (best to worst): Google, Bing, PROMT, FreeTranslation, Babylon. Googles translation, although flawed, was good enough that a reader unfamiliar with Spanish would easily understood what was meant. But all of the other translations had serious problems. I thought that Babylons attribution of blanca (white) to Santas stomach rather than his beard was inexplicable and thus deemed it the worst translation. But FreeTranslations wasnt much better, as it referred to Santas market of gifts; bolsa is a word that can refer to a bag or purse as well as a stock market. Neither Bing nor PROMT knew how to handle the hospitals name. Bing referred to clear the Santa Hospital, since clara can be an adjective meaning clear; PROMT referred to the Holy Hospital Clara, since santa can mean holy. What surprised me the most about the translations is that none of them correctly translated volvieron. The phrase volver a followed by an infinitive is a very common way of saying that something happens again. The everyday phrase should have been programmed into the translators. For the third test, I used a sentence from a  lesson on idioms  because I was curious if any of the translators would make an attempt to avoid word-for-word translation. I thought the sentence was one that called for a paraphrase rather than something more direct. Original Spanish:  Ã‚ ¿Eres de las mujeres que durante los à ºltimos meses de 2012 se inscribià ³ en el gimnasio para sudar la gota gorda y lograr el ansiado verano sin pareo?My translation:  Are you one of those women who during the final months of 2012 signed up at the gym in order to work up a sweat and get the bikini summer youve been waiting for?Best online translation (Google):  Are you one of the women in the last months of 2012 was registered in the gym to sweat blood and achieve the coveted summer without shorts?Worst online translation (FreeTranslation):  You are of the women that during the last months of 2012 was recorded in the gymnasium to sweat the fat drop and to achieve the desired summer without matching?Ranking (best to worst):  Google, Bing, Babylon, PROMT, FreeTranslation. Although Googles translation wasnt very good, Google was the only translator to recognize the idiom sudar la gota gorda, which means to work extremely hard at something. Bing stumbled over the phrase, translating it as sweat drop fat. Bing did get credit, though, for translating  pareo, an uncommon word, as sarong, its closest English equivalent (it refers to a type of wrap-around swimwear cover-up). Two of the translators, PROMT and Babylon, left the word untranslated, indicating that their dictionaries could be small. FreeTranslation simply picked the meaning of a  homonym  thats spelled the same way. I liked Bings and Googles use of coveted to translate  ansiado; PROMT and Babylon used long-awaited, which is a standard translation and appropriate here. Google got some credit for understanding how  de  was used near the start of the sentence. Babylon inexplicably translated the first few words as Are you a women, showing a lack of understanding of basic English grammar. Conclusion:  Although the test sample was small, the results were consistent with other checks I made informally. Google and Bing usually produced the best (or least worst) results, with Google getting a slight edge because its results often sounded less awkward. The two search engines translators werent great, but they still outperformed the competition. Although Id want to try more samples before making a final conclusion, Id tentatively grade Google a C, Bing a C and each of the others a D. But even the weakest ones would occasionally come up with a good word choice that the others didnt. Except with simple, straightforward sentences using unambiguous vocabulary, you cant rely on these free computerized translations if you need accuracy or even correct grammar. Theyre best used when translating from a foreign language into your own, as when youre trying to understand a foreign-language website. They shouldnt be used if youre writing in a foreign language for publication or correspondence unless youre capable of correcting serious mistakes. The technology just isnt there yet to support that type of accuracy.

Marketing Mix And Stps At Samsung Electronics - 1436 Words

Name Course Date The Marketing Mix and STPS The commercial of Samsung Electronics’ Water- less washing Machine shows Samsung Electronics employing the core components of the marketing mix to achieve its marketing objectives. The interaction between the price, product, place and promotion has far reaching effects on the company’s long term strategy. This relates to how Samsung segments, targets and positions (STPs) itself to tap into a sizeable customer base for the water less washing machine. Samsung invests Rs.5million in the water less washing machine’s innovation and Rs. 2million in television and online promotion of the product to drive profitability and sales volumes. Additionally the company is targeting loyal middle and upper class customers in Pakistan while positioning the less energy- water consuming and moderately high priced (price skimming) washing machine as a strong brand in the home appliances market of urban populations. Furthermore, the company segments the mar ket according to demographics like education, age and gender (Khan 29). The commercial features Samsung’s new innovative technology ready to enter the market and persuade LG’s and Super Asia’s washing machine customers to switch brands. The water- less washing machine utilizes less water and energy for washing and drying at the same time. This makes it a unique product on the market. 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Leadership in Nursing Administration Free Essays

Leadership is found to be an important factor in the administration of nursing practice, since this practice of nursing requires the leading practioners to be consistent and have knowledge to inspire and encourage others in the working environment through which an individual can provide a better health care in the nursing profession. The qualities for a good leader in this profession include; having a vision, collaborating with others, should have good communication skills. (Grohar and DiCroce, 2002) Research indicates that the nursing professions carry a number of responsibilities shared among staff in a particular health provision center. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in Nursing Administration or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under this we find that different ranks of nurses are given different responsibilities, whereby the Executive nurse in any health organization is given the mandatory to ensure that the organization he is working with is provided with a kind leadership that proves to be visionary to the nursing services provided. He is also has the authority to uplift the standards of nursing set in the organization. The executive nurses’ obligations are therefore meant to monitor the operations of the nursing team under him in the organization, thus enhancing a better involvement of the nurses in making decisions affecting the management of the organization thus enabling teamwork among the workers. (Grohar and DiCroce, 2002) There are also other types of nurses in the line of leadership in the nursing administration such as the clinical nurse managers whose responsibility is to coordinate and manage the nursing practices in the organization. Nurse Managers also organize and plan giving health care to a large number of people and bringing quality results such as development of staff, strategic planning and care management. Research within the framework of nursing management and leadership has shown that the practices for managerial nurses has changed as a result of good payment, reduced number of people being admitted and reducing the period of stay in the nursing profession.Nursing administrators   have also taken additional responsibilities due to extended nursing care such as mobile health care, outpatient clinics and surgi-centers.The responsibilities include negotiating for contracts, looking for supportive services and managing services in other displines are related to nursing profession (Radcliffe, 2000) Nursing administration includes a number of different leadership and management practices such as consumer’s likes and dislikes, political changes, atmosphere in the market, which brings changes in the health care systems. Nurse administrators have different levels of education which include masters of Science in nursing, masters of health administration, certificates of science in nursing and self-study. Since the nursing administration involves the interaction of the nursing practitioner with the clients, it requires one to have an enormous knowledge in communication and an artistic mind that will permit the administrator to raise and solve issues in an effective manner. This calls for the people interested in leadership in nursing profession to have the professional approach in ensuring that his or her obligation is well executed. The administrator has to carry out a health care plan which is usually formed using nursing procedures. The first step requires the administrator involved to get information about the subject matter after which he or she looks in to the problem and the possible solutions he then gives orders and the way forward to the people under him so that the problem is solved. (Radcliffe, 2000) A leader in the nursing profession should be able to maintain a good relationship with the professional nurses to avoid them leaving the profession due the feelings of inadequacy, oppression, stress, disempowerment, intimidation, undermining and insubordination. Other factors in care hospitals such as low morale, heavier workloads, reduced resources, can contribute to poor performance in the profession hence leaving the profession. It is of great essence that the above issues are taken in to consideration in order to retain the nurses and give them morale to work well and administer effective health care. (Sullivan and Decker1997) A wide category of nursing administration is seen in different fields which include: psychology, research in nursing, health care administration, clinical nursing, social sciences and medicine in general. Ways through which leadership and management are carried out is largely borrowed from business administration so it is highly recommended for nurse administrators to be conversant with business and social science materials. A nurse administrator also should be able to intermingle with other health professionals who are believed to be of higher rank and with great experience so that they can be able to learn from them. A leader in the nursing profession should also be a person who has enough experience in the nursing field. He should be conversant with what happens in the field and daily changes which occur for the benefit of those receiving the nursing services. He should be able to interact with all the people who are under him. An administrator should also be able to seek advice and get suggestions from other administrators from different places whom they hold the same position. Leadership and management should be taken as a collective endeavor and responsibility for every one. It should be shared among all the nursing administration and the nurses themselves regardless of their positions because they have responsibility of correcting the challenging factors in the nursing profession. Good administration of leadership in the nursing profession makes it easier and effective to give good services to those who require nursing services thus preventing risks and illness which may lead to death and achieving and maintaining a better health status for a healthy society. (Sullivan and Decker1997) Reference: Grohar M and DiCroce H (2002), Leadership and Management in Nursing, Third edition, Prentice-Hall Upper Saddle River Radcliffe M (2000), Doctors nurses, new game same result. British medical journal Sullivan E and Decker J (1997): Effective Leadership Management in Nursing. Addison Wesley, Menlo Park, CA How to cite Leadership in Nursing Administration, Essay examples

Mathematical Codes Essays - Cryptography, Cipher,

Mathematical Codes Mathematical Codes Mathematical codes are used by millions everyday for a variety reasons, but all intending to keep something private. The coding theory has actual applications in consumer electronics and with other areas of mathematics. Encryption, which involves enciphering and encoding, is used to protect data against organized crime, government and multinational institutions. A use of arithmetic, prime numbers, and prime factorization is used within coding theory. The study of enciphering and encoding, and deciphering and decoding is called cryptography (Gardner 17). Encryption is encoding or enciphering a message so that the contents are hidden from outsiders (Fr?sen 10). Strong encryption is not a technical standard, it means that current known methods within feasible time without the data being outdated cannot break the encryption. Strong encryption is used to protect data against organized crime, government and multinational institutions. Strong encryption brings possible applications into daily life. Electric money, secure communications, passwords, and others are among many. Applications that require privacy, trust and access control should all use strong encryption methods when possible. It is suggested that people's legal, medical, personal data about themselves should stay confidential to the instances that have a permit to collect the databases. Encryption is not a new concept. Militaries and diplomatic forces have been using it for thousand of years, trying to keep information from the enemy. Given, it was more simplistic back then, but it was still used during War. For example, the Americans have used Morse code for years. There is a distinct difference between ciphers and codes. Substituting one word for another word or sentence is using a code (Gardner 18). Mixing up or substituting existing letters for one word or sentence is using a cipher (18). The majority of encryptions use ciphers versus codes. The algorithm is the method used to encipher the original message, known as the plaintext (20). A key is used with the algorithm to allow the plaintext to be both enciphered and deciphered (20). Ciphers are broken into two main categories: substitution ciphers and transportation ciphers. Substitution ciphers replace letters in the plaintext with other letters or symbols, keeping the order in which the symbols fall the same (25). By definition, substitution ciphers could be, in most cases, called codes. Transposition ciphers keep all of the original letters intact, but mix up the order (25). The resulting text is referred to as the ciphertext. Some cryptographic methods rely on the secrecy of algorithms used in the cipher, security by obscurity (Fr?sen 2). All modern algorithms use a key to control the encryption and decryption. The message can only be decrypted if the key matches the on it was encrypted with. The key used for decryption can be different from the key used in encryption, and this divides the algorithms in symmetric and asymmetric classes (2). Symmetric cryptosystems use the same key, the secret key, to encrypt and decrypt a message. Since it uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, the key should be changed often and be sufficiently random (2). Symmetric algorithms use different length keys, which usually means higher security. Symmetric algorithms can be divided into two categories: stream ciphers, which take and encrypt one bit of the original data at a time, and block ciphers, which take a number of bits and encrypt them as a single block (2). The majority of ciphers belong to the block cipher class. Symmetric algorithms are generally faster and use a much shorter key than asymmetric ones. DES, Data Encryption Standard, is the notorious symmetric cryptosystem. It has been certified by NIST, National Institution of Standards and Technology, for use as an official US Government encryption standard for less-than-top-secret secret material (2). DES was first certified for government use in 1977 (2). DES is a strong cipher, which encrypts a block of 64 bits at a time. DES encryption consists of many rounds of different transformations and permutations, which are linear and easy to reverse (3). Performing a permutation involves arranging elements in different arrangements, where order does matter. The critical encryption is done using S-boxes. S-boxes, or substitution boxes, are sets of highly non-linear functions, implemented in DES as a set of lookup tables (3). After the